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Maintenance Management System in Hospital (Ultrasound & CT Scan Equipments)

Management

BACKGROUND STUDIES /PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Recent maintenance practices in hospital (health care equipments and services) and use of computerized maintenance management system (CMMs) based hospital information maintenance management system (HIMMs) provide good practices during evaluating performance and effectiveness of equipments. But unfortunately, CMMs and maintenance activities i.e. Breakdown maintenance (BDM), planned preventive maintenance (PPM), productivity is not solve problems at all. Several reasons are: 1. CMMs not solve problems of repetitive failures, BDM , PPM for long term 2. CMMs also not predict life cycle and durability of equipments for long period For this reason, need of such system that can predict and resolve problems at all.

This research project is aimed to provide two ways to solve problems by using theoretically mathematical equations from literature review and modify equations for particular for repetitive failure, BDM, PPM and equipment productivity. Second way CMMs software is to design which is completely reliable; predictable critical factors for not only now, but also long term purpose. The results in terms of system assist facility managers or clinical engineers (biomedical engineers). Sustain life of equipments, easy to replacement and repaired etc.

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH PROJECT:

The objectives of the project are: 1) To evaluate maintenance management system in hospital (health care equipments and services) 2) To modify mathematical equations for measuring maintenance activities of ultrasound equipment and CT scan equipment

METHODOLOGY: Data Collection Strategy: Data collection strategy is obtained from visited and observation biomedical engineering department. Select two imaging equipments -ultrasound machine’ & -computed tomography machine’ from various hospitals like Hospital Serdang, Hospital Putrajaya etc., to collect equipments inventory data. Data collection strategy is focus equipment assets history. It includes planned preventive maintenance (PPM), Breakdown maintenance (BDM), Schedule work, work orders (w.o), action taken, vendor services, parts management, utilities, and reports. Data collection is need because: a) Calculate repetitive failures, BDM and PPM b) Measure Productivity and Equipment effectiveness c) Life and use of equipments for long term purpose Analysis of Data Collection: Analysis of the data depends upon asset history of particular equipments. Identify repetitive breakdowns, planned preventive and productivity performance in both medical equipments. The strategy for analyze data is to specified no. of failures, no. of breakdowns and no. of planned preventive for last three years. Analysis of data collection is required because: a) Interpret particular problems b) Apply modify equations to solve problems Mathematical Analysis In general, previous studies on maintenance management system provided mathematical formulas and equations not at all overcome problems of equipments. In medical equipments i.e. reliability equations and availability equations are not enough to measure maintenance performance of ultrasound and CT scan. Predicted Breakdowns

In this project, provide specific and modify equations which is use to solve medical equipments maintenenace problems. (Stephen, 2004) This equations are modified on the basis of productivity and reliability maintenance management.. Stephen defined equations: Breakdown (Excepted)= S (No. of Failures) * Frequency of Failure / Total No. of Failures, But modify equation will be: Breakdowns (predictable) = (a1+a2+a3—-an) * () / Tf Therefore a is no. of repetitive failures, an is nth term of failure which is expecting failure with time, is frequency of failure occurring in duration week, months, Tf is total no. of failures per years. Conclusion In the end, evaluating MMS in hospital is prime consideration for clinical engineers. This modify equations of equipments will improve maintenance practices overall and overcome failures, breakdowns. Successful in implementing and applying mathematical equations will definitely increases productivity and overall equipment effectiveness. Nonetheless, due to the necessity to ensure maintenance management system, figure 4.9 data analyzed and interpreted from maintenance part of the asset of equipments contains several factors that serve as the determinants to the success of maintenance practice for health care sectors. By using mathematical approaches and data analysis from maintenance part of the asset of equipments contains several factors that serve as the determinants to the success of effectiveness of equipment and best maintenance practice in health care industries.

RESULTS: 1. From above calculation, the result shows that repetitive failures, BDM, PPM always key parts and critical factors in maintenance practices.

2. Breakdowns maintenance in ultrasound much more and predictable during last three year so it would be a greater expensive alternatives if equipments not replaced on time. 3. CT scan has low rate of breakdowns maintenance during last three years so it would be predicted that less equipment expensive alternative so no need to replace equipment.

4. Medical Equipment’s productivity factor in ultrasound is 36 % in last three years due to more and more Break downs maintenance and Planned preventive maintenance occurred which is not good for productivity, life of equipment. Step should be taken in early stage of breakdowns. 5. Productivity factor in CT scan is 38 % previous three years, because of less BDM but more PPM. 6. Overall equipment effectiveness of Ultrasound is 38.90, it means equipment is in poor condition and unlimited break downs, more failures occurred. Require proper testing, calibrations, changeovers parts, adjustments. It will contribute to increase in effectiveness in rarely manner. 7. OEE of CT scan is 72 %, it is mean that equipment is in good condition because of breakdowns and failures are limited. In occasionally testing and commissioning, inspection is requiring. It will mostly increase effectiveness in rapid manner.

8. It will increase productivity & It will maintain overall equipment effectiveness.

9. Lastly, it will assist clinical engineers to make decision on need basis of particular equipment or replacement.

REFERENCES:

Albert H.C Tsang (2002). -Strategic dimension of maintenance management-, Journal of Quality in maintenance Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 127-139. A.C., Marquez, Jatinder N.D.G. (2006). -Contemporary maintenance management: process, frame work and supporting pillars-, the international Journal of Management Science, No. 34, pp.313-326. Atkin, B. and Brooks, A. (2009). -Total Facilities Management-, 3rd edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford and New York, pp. 328.

Acevedo, Francisco (2005), -Design of CMMS for the Chilean Naval Hospital BME Department-, Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference IEEE, shanghai, China pp. 1-4

B.S. Dhillion, Y.Liu (2006),-Human error in maintenance review-, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering Vol.12, No.1, pp.21-36.

Bronizo, Joseph D. (2006). -The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition-.

Corder, A.S (1976), -Maintenance Management Techniques-, McGraw-Hill UK, England.

Duffa, S.O., A.Rauof, Campbell, J.D (1999), Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication, Volume 20, pp 30-44.

J.J. Smit , J.A van Weelderen, .(1995), – Maintenance Diagnosis of HV installations using an expert support system-, Proceeding 9th ISH, International Symposium on H.V. Engineering, Graz, Austria, pp. 45-56.

Levitt, J. (1997), -The Handbook of Maintenance Management-, Industrial Press Inc, New York, NY.

Niebel, B. W. (1993). -Engineering Maintenance- Ninth Edition. United States of America: Irwin. pp. 335-462.

Mark C.,Eti,S.O.T Ogaji, S.D. Probert (2006). -Strategies Maintenance Management in Nigerian Industries-, Journal of Applied Energy, No. 83, pp. 211-227.

Marvin Raushad, (1998), -Reliability Centered Maintenance-, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 60, pp.121-132.

Swanson, L., (1997), -An empirical study of the relationship between production technology and maintenance Management-, International Journal of production economics No. 53, pp. 191-207.

Shamsuddin, A., Masjuki, H., Zahiri, (2004), -State of Implementation of TPM in SMIs: a survey study in Malaysia-, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vo1 10 No.2, pp. 93-106.

Sherwin, D. (2000), -A review of overall models for maintenance management, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering-, Vol.6 No.3, pp. 138-164.

Stephen, M.P (2004), -Productivity and Reliability- Based Maintenance Management-, Pearson Education Inc., New Jersey, New York, pp.276.

Ted Cohen, (2003) -Computerized Maintenance Management Systems for Clinical Engineering-, Second Edition, AAMI MIR no. 3, pp. 7-10.

Vukan Polimac, Jelica Polimac, (2001) -Assessment of Present Maintenance Practices and Future Trends-, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, pp.891-894.

Valma J Robertson, Kerry Gbaker (2001), -A review of Therapeutic Ultrasound: Effectiveness Studies-, Volume 81, No. 7.pp. 12-20

Yusof, M, Bakri Rugayah, Musa Zaharah (2006), -Electrical Impedance Tomography-. Health Technology Assessment section, Medical Development section, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Technology report, pp. 1-6.

Wilhelm Burger and Mark J. Burger (2007), -Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach Using Java-, Spinger, Volume 30 No 1, pp. 10-18.

Wireman,T.,(1991), -Total Productive Maintenance- , an America Approach, Industrial Press, NewYork. PP. 16-21.

Ways To Finance Your Vending Machine Business

Business

When starting a business, theres that one big wall that block your way, and thats your startup money. Without money to fund your business, there will be no business at all. So how and where can you get money? Read on to get some ideas on where you can find funding sources for your vending business:

Home Equity Loan
Most people immediately think of getting a standard business loan when thinking of financing a home business or business startup. While this may be appropriate, do not fail to consider using your home as a bank.

Small Business Administration Loan
Banks administer this loan and are more favorable to this type than a standard bank loan because they are only liable for 15% of what they loan (the government carries the other 85%). There are a number of types of documentation required with this loan, but it is certainly worth the trouble if you are willing to follow the process.

Standard Bank Financing
This financial source is probably the most difficult, yet not impossible with good credit and some net worth. Banks typically do not look favorably at vending machine loans and consider them risky because they are not considered a fixed asset.

Invest Your Tax Return Money
For a lot of people, April 15th is bonus time every year as they receive tax returns with earned income credit and deductions for kids. You can use this to slowly build your vending business. Its a great, safer way to build your business.

Family Loan
In some cases, a family member may be favorable to loaning you the money for starting your home-based business. While there may be relationship risks to this setup, it needs to be considered as an alternative to standard business financing. Some family members would rather invest in your business vision and draw a little interest rather than lending it to a bank at 2-3%.

Sell Items You Dont Need
If you badly need to create an income steam, opt for this least popular fund source. How about downsizing your car and investing the money in machines? Why not have a huge yard sale to raise $500-$1000? Why dont you downsize your home and invest your profits in the business? All of us have some money around us in our life that we could put to work.

Lease Purchasing
An option to getting into the vending business is to make an offer to buy an established vending route by lease-purchasing. You agree to lease the route from the seller with an option to buy at the end of the lease period. You invest your profits from the lease period into the purchase of the business or you can continue leasing for the cash flow you are receiving. Remember to get legal help in setting up any contractual agreement like this.

Owner Financing
Not that always easy to find but dont let it stop your from asking the seller of a vending route for it, especially if you have some money to put down.

High Heel Shoes For Little Girls

Shoes

As we all know that high heel shoes are not good for our girls feet especially the girls who are not adult since they are growing up but haven’t mature. However even though many girls know the harm the high-heels will do for our feet, they also like to wear a pair of high-heel since the high-heels can make a female more mature and elegance.

So are there any high heels won’t do harm to our young girl’s feet. That means our little girl will feel comfortable when wearing the shoes. Today I’d like to introduce some shoes which is suitable for the little girl.

1. Half heel shoes
If you want to be mature and comfortable when wearing a pair of high-heel, the thick heel shoes is the best choice since the half heel can release your height. Look at the following picture, with the full Korean style the piscine mouth shoe has become the most popular shoes in the summer. It is a pair of shoes with a bright color thick heel. In the hot summer this piscine mouth shoe can makes you both elegance and cool.

2. Thick high heel
The shoes are half cute and half mature are always the popular shoes for the girls who are still in the Ivory Tower. A pair of sweet lady-like shoes can be worn in every season. There is lovely butterfly tie in the middle of the shoes upper, it makes the high-heel has a little sweet feeling in the same time.

A bit of fur around the heel can keep your feet warm in the cold season. Besides, the thick high heel can both meet the young girl’s need of wearing high heel shoes and become comfortable when walking. It is a not bad choice!

3. Wedge heel shoes
White color wedge heel shoes are kinds of romantic shoes which are very suitable for the little girls who are still dreaming of princess and prince. The wedge heel is a good alternative for the slender high heel and will do less harm to the little girl’s feet.

Moreover, the bright color is very easy to match with any clothes. The most important point is the shoe is a pair light shoes that you won’t feel heavy when you are walking.

4. UGG high heel boot.
Every adult girl may have a beautiful boot, so does the little girl, they also want a fine and pretty boot in the winter. Well. The UGG boot has become the hot wind in this year.

When is the New Year is coming, the weather become colder and colder. A boot both beautiful and warm is in urgent need of girls. The UGG high heel boot is the best choice for the winter since it was made of sheepskin and pure wool.

Effects Of The Balanced Scorecard Questionnaire

Business Strategy

The balanced scorecard was developed in 1992 by Robert Kaplan and David P Norton. Together, they came up with an idea that has been proclaimed to be revolutionary in the business scenario. The balanced scorecard questionnaire is an internal assessment in the improvement of the reporting system. As long as these supply the key indicators to the management, then it means that the scorecards success can actually lead to the entity of the strategic plan.

The balanced scorecard appraisal will just go for the internal assessment of the business. The key to the scorecards success can be linked to the customized and internal process measures that have long been added to the mechanism for the managerial performance over a period of time. The successful implementation of this balanced scorecard questionnaire can turn the strategy into some kind of action which the business needs to improve.

But there is the secret to the success of the scorecard link. As long as the entity comes up with the strategic plan which contains the dimensional and financial performance measures, then it will be easy to just customized the internal processed measures as long as these are added and go to accordance with the mechanism of the material. When these are improved, then the managerial performance may just cover the balanced scorecard questionnaire along with the balanced scorecard appraisal.

The balanced scorecard initiatives may just implement the management system that turn into the action that can go for the performance that combines the financial measures which complement the nonfinancial measures. As long as the following perspectives may just go for the finances and customized processes. The learning and the growth of the business may just go for the balanced scorecard questionnaire that will go into accordance with the nonfinancial measures. The internal business processes may result to the learning of the material and this resort to the balanced scorecard initiatives that have been successfully implemented along with the management system.

The balanced scorecard questionnaire follows a certain conventional pattern which combines the financial measures that are listed in the balanced scorecard initiatives. As long as the businesses go for the financial, customer and internal business processes then the balancing and the financial accounting measures go for the improved performance that can just meet the objectives of the strategic plan.

There is a required monitoring in the most common obligations that rely the balanced scorecard questionnaire that continue to produce the accurate and reliable as well as transparent financial information that the business needs in order to actually improve the financial perspectives of the company. There is a thorough assessment that should be conducted in order to go for the business strategy. Once these have been re-learned and eventually grown, then the opportunities can just continue to facilitate the improvement in order to improve the business strategy as well as the business that go well with it. The learning and the growth of the opportunities will just come in accordance with the balanced scorecard appraisal that is required.

How to Sell Your Car on Craigslist

Car

How to Sell Your Car on Craigslist
In the recent past, Craigslist has become one of the largest online marketplaces. It provides all its users with efficient, safe and convenient platform to go about the whole process of buying and selling cars. With proper strategies, you can be able to sell your car within a week. One good thing about Craigslist is that buyers can easily search through adverts to get the items they want to buy. You can reach out to a larger audience with their free ad posts. Selling a car through Craigslist is far much cheaper than posting the ads on the local newspaper which will charge you exorbitant prices for about 20 words you use to describe your car. Furthermore, the 20 words may not be enough to explain in totally every aspect of the car.
To create an effective advert which will guarantee success; it is important that you follow the following key steps:
Create a Craigslist account; you need to sign up for a Craigslist account. It is such a simple process that will require at most 20 minutes. Creating an account is free. You can create an account in easy steps: visit craigslist.org; click “my account” link; “sign up” link; type your email address and the words in the CARTCHA; click “create account button” and finally verify your account through your email address.
Creating a Craigslist user account is much like creating any other online account, only requires that you provide an email address, CAPTCHA confirmation and email verification before you can sell on Craigslist.
Ensure you have the title; this is an important document and nobody will buy a car without a title. In case you dont have the title because you have a car loan, you need to contact your bank in advance even before you list the vehicle. This is an important process because you will familiarize yourself with the process involved. It is important to note that some banks or lenders may not allow for such transactions until such a time that you shall have repaid the loan in full. In case you have lost the title, you will have to go through the process of obtaining a new title.

Clean the car; the first impression you give the buyers is very essential. Even if the car is brand new and you intend to sell it at the cheapest price possible; as long as the car is dirty, there is no one who will be interested in reading the other details about the car.
Vacuum clean the car and if possible, you can take it for a full-service car wash. A clean car will entice customers even if it is an old model. Every section of the car should be clean; both the exterior and the interior sections of the car. Ensure the engine section is thoroughly cleaned.
Take pictures; pictures attract buyers more than the car description. In fact, it is through pictures that your buyers will be interested in reading the description about the car. The pictures should be clear to an extent that they can see even the intricate details of the car. You should have as many photos as possible. Assuming very crucial parts will make the buyer to think that there are serious problems with the sections whose photos have not been posted online.
The pictures should give a clear description of the car. If possible, the buyer should be able to make decisions based on the photos which you shall have posted. Some of the most crucial parts you should feature in the advert include: all the exterior sections of the car; the engine section; the drivers seat area; the stereo systems; the dashboard more so when the car is on; backseat; wheels and any other sections which you feel are important.
In other words, you should put yourself in the buyers shoes. Assuming you are buying the car, which sections of the car would you like to see to make an informed decision?
Price; you should be realistic as you set the price. Factors which should determine the price may include the age of the car and all the problems which you have learned to live with. You can also review other listings just to have a rough idea of the price. Do not be over ambitious when it comes to the amount of returns you expect. You need to decide on the mode of payment you will accept suppose you get a willing buyer.

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