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Pool Industry Secrets Reveals Easy Salt Chlorinator Selection

Industry

Salt chlorinators are probably the easiest and most popular product for swimming pools. This makes perfect sense after all why manually dose the pool every day when the salt chlorinator can do it for you.

However there is a tendency to oversize and undersize chlorinators which can lead to both operating the chlorinator cell at very low output in which case you feel like you have paid too much or the chlorine level in your pool dropping away in peak use or full sun and the like.

There is a formula I have used for many years and it is very simple to apply to almost any pool. Using the formula the amp draw of the cell can be calculated and once the amp draw is known the manufacturers data can be used to correctly size the cell.
The formula works by applying the following data:

PV = Pool Volume in cubic metres
R = Free available chlorine residual you are targeting
T = time the filter and chlorinator will be running in hours

The formula looks like this:
R * PV = cell amps
T
Or in English residual multiplied by cubic metres all divided by running time.

Lets work through some examples to show you how it works. Well start with an average backyard pool of say 50 000 litres where the targeted residual free available chlorine level is 3 mg/l and the filter system normally runs for 8 hours a day.

PV = 50 cubic metres
R = 3
T = 8
So applying our formula we get

3 * 50 = 150 / 8 = 18.75

So the correct sized chlorinator cell for this pool would be 18.75 amps.

As another example work through this, the pool volume is 120 000 litres, the targeted free available chlorine level is 2 mg/l and the pump and filter run time is 12 hours.

PV = 120 cubic metres
R = 2
T = 12

So again applying our formula we get

2 * 120 = 240 / 12 = 20

So the correct size cell for this pool is 20 amps.

In reality both these pools chlorinator cells would probably be the same cell as manufacturer tolerances would probably mean there is a cell drawing around 20 amps.

Even though this formula works and works all the time you still need to add cyanuric acid or stabiliser as it is often called and run the pump filter system whenever the pool is in use.

Where chlorinators come in a one size fits all set up it is even more important to understand and apply the formula. By working the formula backwards you can get the run time for the chlorinator. This formula looks like:

R * PV = T
cell amps

Using our examples from above see below some equation run throughs.

PV = 50 cubic metres
R = 3
cell amps=18.75

So applying our formula we get

3 * 50 = 150 / 18.75 = 8

So to maintain a residual of 3 mg/l using a cell that draws 18.75 amps at 12 volts the calculated run time for the plant is 8 hours.

PV = 120 cubic metres
R = 2
cell amps = 20

So again applying our formula we get

2 * 120 = 240 / 20 = 12

And similar in this pool using our formula in reverse to get 2 mg/l or ppm using a 20 amp cell the run time would be 12 hours.
One common error a pool owner is likely to make is to use the dial control to reduce the chlorine output by reducing the current going to the cell. Sure I know manufacturers add this control for this purpose, however a very common occurrence is for this to be turned down when the pool is first charged with salt and slowly turned up over time as the salt depletes. This practice is not the best idea. By doing this as the salt level falls the salt cell is being asked to increase its chlorine output a sort of two way pincer.
A better practice is to adjust the salt chlorinator run time to the calculated run time and run the salt chlorinator for that time at 80% or thereabouts, and top up the salt if the chlorine level is found to be dropping.

Monitoring the salt level in the pool is critical to the longevity of the cell. Combined with correctly sizing the salt cell and adequate pool maintenance the cell should last a reasonable period before requiring replacement.

In this article I have shown how to calculate the correct salt cell size for your pool. I have demonstrated applying this formula in reverse to obtain a correct operational run time for a given chlorine residual and chatted generally about salt levels and stabiliser or cyanuric acid levels. If you want to find out more information on this or any other pool equipment topic you can use www.poolindustrysecrets.com site. For those people who use non metric systems here is a quick conversion guide.

1 cubic metre = 1000 litres
1000 litres = 264 us gallons
1000 litres = 219 uk gallons
ppm = mg/l
1000 us gallons = 3785 litres
1000 uk gallons = 4546 litres

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True Religion Jeans – How Do You Know If They’re Fake

Jeans

True Religion Mens Jeans are some of the finest designer jeans to ever have graced the fashion world. They are made with very high quality denim, feature very interesting cuts and washes, and the level of detail and attention paid by the designers to the stitching has almost no rival. It is very easy to see why True Religion Jeans have become so popular and sought after – not just in America but all across the World.

The problem that True Religion faces is because the jeans are so popular and will usually carry a premium-rate price tag, criminals and organised crime gangs both domestic and foreign have a large financial incentive to show disdain towards the True Religion designers and genuine customers by copying the style of the jeans, reproducing a poor imitation of them and then selling these substandard products as authentic true religion products.

For people who are familiar with real True Religion clothing, it is very easy to spot fakes as the counterfeiters are prone to making mistakes when copying the finer details of the clothing. However, if a person has not seen a genuine article before, but they see a fake pair at a really good price they may not realise that it is counterfeit as they would not be used to the quality.

Luckily, criminals can be quite sloppy when creating counterfeits of articles of very detailed clothing. Owing to the consistent, high-quality finishes and details in the average pair of True Religion Mens Jeans, it is usually a simple task to determine the general authenticity of the item. For those of you who may be unfamiliar with these details, have a read through the following points as these attempts t explain them to you. Remember, above all else, if you ever have a ‘bad feeling’ about a seller, or your gut instincts warn you away from a particular item, ‘Leave it Alone!’

1)Back Pocket Flaps. The flaps on the rear of the pockets on these jeans are very particular and defined. The centre of the flap creates a very proud ‘V’ shape which then symmetrically curves back round on itself. The apex of the V lies directly above the valley point of the horse-shoe stitch and directly below the button-fastener of the pocket’s pouch.

2)Horse-shoe Stitch. This iconic stitch design has been with the brand since its beginning. The overall design of the horse-shoe is usually comprised of several independent threads, often of multiple colours, all of which follow the same loose pattern, although not identically. The important thing to look for here is that the overall stitching is symmetrical, lines up with the V and the button-fastener, and is definitely stitched and not printed.

3)Outline Stitch. The outline stitch of True Religion is very characteristic of the brand’s image. It really epitomises the detailing for which True Religion is adored for. The stitch follows the outline of all the seams, pockets, flaps and other fabric joints. The stitch is almost always doubled, usually a centimetre or two apart. The colour is the same throughout the garment and is very consistent in style and quality. If these are printed, have different colours or have inconsistent spacing then they are almost certainly counterfeit and not worth your time.

4)Inside Seams. The Stitching on the inside seams is a very bold and blazon over-lock stitch that is in the same colour as the detail stitch on the exterior of the jeans. They are very neat, visible and stand proud as part of the garment. Counterfeit items do not pay attention to this, and so the inside stitch is often very difficult to even find. The cuts around the sewing will be uneven, messy and rather crude. The colour will not inspire much admiration, embracing a cold, uninviting appearance in a fake item.

5)Inside Label. Older fakes will follow the same pattern with the inside label, although newer counterfeits ‘fix’ this. The inside tag should be very clearly printed; have the letters TRBJ stitched into the bottom in a tiny print; have the words ‘made in USA’ printed below ‘brand jeans’ and finally have the words ‘BRAND JEANS’ printed below ‘True Religion’. On older counterfeits the ‘J’ from ‘BRAND JEANS’ would often sit below the natural line of the rest of the phrase. On the genuine jeans (and some newer fakes) the J sits perfectly in line. On all of the print work, also take care to ensure that none of the wording appears smudged or distorted in any way. Genuine jeans are printed flawlessly.

It’s important to remember that the only way to guarantee that you receive the genuine True Religion Jeans is to ensure that you buy them new from an authorised, well-respected retailer. Outlets like eBay and Flea Markets are almost certain to be fake or imitation or otherwise substandard reproductions of the real thing. Take a look at the other brands the retailer is selling; are they selling True Religion alongside other high-end premium denims, or are they alongside discount brands? If it’s discount brands, the True Religions are probably not real.

Pay close attention to the neighbourhood the store is located in too. If it’s some backstreet down-market area, chances are that the True Religion brand would not allow their items to be sold there. If you’re shopping in an up-market busy metropolitan retail sector, it’s more likely that they are real.

Above all else, when looking for to buy True Religion, take heed of your gut feelings. If something just doesn’t feel right to you, then do not hand your cash over. If the item is not real, not only will you have lost a fair bit of money, you’ll also be left with a bad quality denim and the feeling that you’ll have sponsored a criminal enterprise.

Managing Risk and Crisis Management

Management

If you work in an environment that offers a high risk to personnel it’s important that you are aware of Risk Management and Crisis Management procedures within your organisation.

What is the difference between Risk management and Crisis Management?

Risk Management is the simple procedure of identifying where issues might arise and putting procedures in place to prevent them from happening. In the workplace this might be as simple as providing goggles or protective clothing to workers. In more extreme conditions, for example convoy tracking in foreign countries, it might be installing GPS tracking technology into vehicles to help avoid serious conflict situations.

Crisis Management is the plan of action that is put in place should Risk Management plans not work as effective as they should. Once a situation turns into a crisis, the Crisis Management plan kicks into place.

So what makes a good Crisis Management plan?

In any crisis communication is absolutely critical. Usually a designated team or individual will manage the crisis from a central point and its imperative that information is relayed to the crisis management team to enable them to asses the situation and quickly make decisions. The time of decision-making is paramount. A few seconds here and there could make the difference between saving or losing a human life.

Risk Management and Crisis management should never be taken lightly. Many organisations have a dedicated team that constantly look at ways to prevent crisis, or manage crisis in the unfortunate event of it happening. The use of technology (hand held Radios, GPS tracking etc) has made Crisis Management very effective over the last few years. If you work with remote workers, aid workers or have convoy travelling on foreign land you should ensure that you are using the latest technology.

Although the price of Crisis Management technology has come down significantly over the last few years it might still be considered expensive. But then what is the cost of human life? Think about it.

As a leading supplier of crisis management solutions Track 24 specialise in a range of solutions for Personnel Tracking, Vehicle Tracking and location management.

What Makes Hybrid Cars Unique

Car

Hybrid cars are the fuel efficient automobiles that have a dual mode. They use more than one power sources such as ethanol, gasoline, hydrogen and solar. It has a petrol engine combined with the electric power generator. The electric power is generated by the electric motor power batteries. It is designed with the basic aim to achieve maximum fuel efficiency. It is different from the simple or non-hybrid cars in many aspects.

In a hybrid car, you will never be stuck with such a problem. Whether the hybrid car is a series or parallel version, it will somehow take you to a gas station. This is a rare convenience that drivers only discover when they drive hybrid cars. There are certain other features that make a hybrid car unique.

Similar to the ordinary gasoline powered cars, regular maintenance is necessary for the hybrid vehicles. The maintenance cost of hybrid cars is nominal as compared to ordinary gasoline powered cars. The hybrid cars have an ability to give the best, in any environment. Another advantage that the hybrid cars have over other cars is that it does not have an ordinary braking system. In hybrid cars, when you are slowing down to stop temporarily, the electric motor takes the strain off the braking system.

The hybrid cars are environment friendly because of less toxic emissions. It burns less amount of gasoline as compared to the standard gasoline powered vehicles. It reduces air pollution as it releases less amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Huge quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is one of the leading reasons for global warming. The two factors that must be considered regarding its maintenance are: less use of engine and braking system, which makes these cars unique.

Another unique feature of a hybrid car is that there is minimum external noise in the cabin of the car, which means that the passengers enjoy a quieter drive. As hybrid cars use two power sources, they are available with automatic transmissions and a selection of power sources. The driver does not have to think about the gear and the power-source to use. Everything is automated in a hybrid car; therefore the driving experience is much better. The car gives its required power and depending on the speed, selects the power source or sources. Therefore driving a hybrid car is quite easy.

Hybrid cars offer the convenience and the space of conventional cars at lower running costs. Hybrid cars are now available as hatchbacks, sedans, SUVs and luxury cars. Car buyers have a choice of buying a suitable hybrid that meets their transportation needs.

Whereas, the hybrid cars furnished with electric-powered engines, have a set of powerful batteries which provide power to the electric motor that accelerates the hybrid cars. Moreover, the by-products are pollution-free and the batteries take less time to recharge.

Other attractive features include maximum efficiency of fuel and minimum-drag tires. Many lightweight materials mainly carbon fibres are greatly reduced. The body is especially aerodynamically designed. The hybrid cars are manufactured to attain high speed with minimized fuel consumption and gaseous emission. The cost of the hybrid cars has made it affordable for everyone. The manufacturers are still researching on the methods to further reduce the fuel consumption.

The Effects of Global Terrorism on the Events Industry

Industry

Many people consider the impacts on industries that are directly related to the terrorist actions, such as the insurance industry. However, few consider the impact on an industry such as the events industry. While some people may not be able to see a link to the events industry as strongly as to an industry such as the airline industry, it is there. While there are many different types of events they all have some aspects in common. They all need attendees in order to occur or at least occur more than once. In order for an event to be successful people need to be drawn to the event and motivated to attend. There are many different factors that can persuade people to attend an event, but one of the main factors is whether they can get to the location of the event.

The ability to travel to an event for any attendee has now been seen to be endangered by Global terrorism. This is especially felt in regard to air travel since the tragic events in New York in 2001 which have lead to such huge changes throughout the world. People no longer feel as confident traveling to other countries on airplanes and as therefore less likely to attend events that require them to make use of that form of transport. Other forms of transport are also perceived as dangerous to use when traveling to an event in different areas of the world. This then limits the number of people who are willing to travel to a particular event, in particular well known people who may fear that they will be targeted during their journey to an event.

Global terrorisms effects may not be overtly visible, but they have lead to a curtailment of a completely carefree way of life. Many people can also fear to attend an event as it may be a magnet for terrorists who wish to make a statement by disrupting the event. The disrupting of a particular event due to the forces of global terrorism can take many forms. These forms could include protesting particular actions of parties associated of the event. Otherwise it could take the more dangerous form of violently targeting parties attending the event. This has lead to many people avoiding any event where many people are gathered or where subjects related to the event are seen as controversial by terrorist organizations.

Different events may carry a different level of risk for people attending them so a meeting of government agencies may be far more likely to be targeted than a musical event in a park. The importance or perceived importance of a particular event can also determine whether it could be targeted. The thought of being targeted by global terrorism is enough to prevent people from attending any event, which has lead to a great decline of many different types of events that may previously been well attended, particularly by people who are not local to the area. This has lead to a direct link between declining fortunes of the events industry and global terrorism.

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